CHÚ THÍCH


  • (1) Nguyễn Phương, Việt Nam thời khai sinh, Phòng Nghiên cứu Sử, Huế Univeristy, 1965, pp. 137-138.
  • (2) Lê Tắc, An Nam chí lược, Uỷ ban Phiên dịch Sử liệu Việt Nam, Huế Univeristy, translation, 1961, p. 39.
  • (3) In his book Việt Nam thời khai sinh, historian Nguyễn Phương speculated that the ancestors of the Vietnamese are Mongoloid, but he did not explain why the Vietnamese speak Vietnamese, not Chinese. Meanwhile, more and more documents indicate that Vietnamese people are of mixed indigenous ancient Vietnamese (Malayo- Polinesian or Indonesian) and Mongolian, with the indigenousness as the most important factor.
  • (4) Đào Duy Anh, Lịch sử Việt Nam [first published in 1955, Hanoi; reprinted by Văn Hóa Thông Tin in 2002] p. 38. In the preface, Đào Duy Anh mentions that he started writing his book in 1949 in Thanh Hoa, where lots of drums were uncovered.
  • (5) Nguyễn Phương, ibid, p. 136.
  • (6) Ngọc Lũ drum: discovered intact in 1893, in Như Trác, Lý Nhân district, Hà Nam. Diameter: 79 cm; height: 63 cm; surface decorated with 14 solar rays, 3 coronary scenes of life activities, 20 walking deer and 14 flying birds, 36 alternate flying and standing birds; shell decorated with images of boats and dancers. (Figure is redrawn from Phạm Huy Thông (Chairman of Editorial Board), Dong Son Drums in Viet Nam, Hanoi: The Vietnam Social Science Publishing House, 1990, p. 5) [based on a note from the publisher, edited in Japan]
  • (7) Lê Quí Đôn, Vân đài loại ngữ, translated by Phạm Vũ and Lê Hiền, reprinted by Tự Lực publisher, unknown year of publishing, p. 167.
  • (8) Nguyễn Phương, ibid, pp. 132-133. (Issue number BEFEO XL)
  • (9) Hoàng Văn Chí, Duy văn sử quan, Cành Nam publisher, USA, 1990, pp. 78 and 79.
  • (10) Dictionaries Khang Hy, Từ hải, Từ nguyên written from the 17th century onwards in Beijing (China), and classical Chinese books, are more like Chinese than ancient Vietnamese. Examples of the great classical Chinese books are Tứ thư, Ngũ kinh, Đạo đức kinh, Nam hoa kinh, Mặc tử, Liệt tử, Sử ký (Tư Mã Thiên), Chiến quốc sách, Ngô Việt xuân thu, Hán thư, Hậu Hán thư, Hoài Nam tử, Quốc ngữ, Thuyết văn, Nhĩ nhã, Quảng nhĩ nhã...
  • (11) With this issue, perhaps the study should be expanded to include celebrities such as Trưng Trắc, Triệu Thị Trinh...
  • (12) Phan Khoang, Trung Quốc sử lược, reprinted by Đại Nam, unknown year of publishing, p. 1.
  • (13) Confucius (551-478 BC): from Shandong Province (Shandong or Shantung), in the lower section of the Yellow River and north of the Yangtze River.
  • (14) Edward H. Schafer, Ancient China, New York: Time-Life Books, 1967, pp. 16, 37, 38. Wang Ch'ung (27-97), a philosopher in the Eastern Han era (25-220), was the author of many philosophy books, of which the most important one is the set of Lun Heng in 30 volumes. Heng means a weight scale, implying comparisons, and considerations.
  • (15) Trần Ngọc Thêm, Tìm về bản sắc văn hóa Việt Nam, HoChiMinh City Publisher, 1997, pp. 75-86.
  • (16) Nguyễn Đức Cung, Chung quanh vấn đề Lạc Việt, Đất Mẹ Magazine, Houston, No. 119, October 2005, p. 50, citing books by Yang Zhao, Fang Linggui, Gong Shuduo, Zhongyu Zhu, An outline history of China, edited by Bai Shouyi, Foreign languages press, Beijing, 1982, pp. 39.
  • (17) According to some Vietnamese tourists visiting China, from Zhejiang to the south.
  • (18) Hoàng Văn Chí, ibid, p. 78.
  • (19) Image taken from Nguyễn Khắc Ngữ: Mỹ thuật cổ truyền Việt Nam, Montréal: Tủ Sách Nghiên Cứu Sử Địa, 1981, p. 49.
  • (20) Dương Quảng Hàm, Việt Nam thi văn hợp tuyển,, Bộ Quốc Gia Giáo Dục, Saigon, 8th edition, 1962, p. 179.
navigate to previous page of article